SHANGHAI, Dec 20 (SMM) – In a pivotal turn of events, the automotive industry is witnessing an irreversible shift towards electrification, propelling an unprecedented surge in demand for lithium batteries. According to estimates by SMM, global power battery demand is projected to reach a staggering 2700 GWh by 2030, with the lion's share of this surge stemming from power batteries for passenger vehicles. Industry insiders assert that a low-carbon or even zero-carbon footprint is the new imperative for companies involved in battery production. The trajectory indicates that achieving zero carbonization in power batteries will be a linchpin for decarbonizing the transportation sector.
At the current stage, it is calculated that the energy consumption for producing one kilowatt-hour of ternary batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries stands at 82.91 KWh and 85.78 KWh, respectively. Carbon emissions hover at 5.06 mt/GWh and 5.23 mt/GWh, primarily concentrated in the cathode materials, anode materials, and battery production processes, collectively accounting for nearly 90% of the total. Surprisingly, the carbon emissions from producing a conventional gasoline-powered passenger car amount to 9.2 mt of carbon dioxide equivalent, while the production of an electric vehicle with ternary power batteries results in emissions of 14.6 mt, and for a lithium iron phosphate battery electric vehicle, it is 14.7 mt. Evidently, from a production standpoint, electric vehicles are not presently low-carbon.
In response to this, an increasing number of battery enterprises are recognizing the imperative to enhance carbon emissions management in the battery production process. For instance, SVOLT has publicly announced the establishment of an AI Intelligent Eco-Alliance, utilizing artificial intelligence, advanced analytics, and edge/cloud computing technologies to boost efficiency, improve quality, and implement carbon tracing. AESC has inaugurated the world's inaugural zero-carbon industrial park in Ordos, China, featuring a 20 GWh energy storage power battery capacity and an ecosystem project in the industry chain. The aim is to construct a "wind + solar + storage + intelligent microgrid" system and achieve over 80% direct supply of green electricity.
Figure: AESC battery manufacturing base effect drawing
Additionally, Chinese battery giants such as CALB, EVE Energy, Hefei Gotion HIGH-TECH POWER ENERGY, SUNWODA, Anchitech, RayPower Energy, and Farasis Energy are all actively researching carbon reduction in the battery production process, proactively exploring carbon-neutral pathways.
Beyond curbing carbon emissions in the upstream raw material production, recycling and cascading utilization of waste batteries are identified as effective measures to manage carbon emissions in the lithium battery industry chain. A recent report by the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences forecasts that from 2021 to 2030, China's retired power batteries will accumulate to 708 GWh. Effectively cascading these batteries can curtail nearly 33.42 million mt of carbon emissions compared to manufacturing an equivalent amount of new batteries. Furthermore, the recycling of electric vehicles can slash emissions by 5.1 mt of carbon dioxide equivalent, thereby reducing the emissions from the production stage to 9.8 mt, a substantial decrease of approximately 34%.
In conclusion, perfecting the battery material recycling industry chain and facilitating the recycling of high-carbon-emission battery materials emerges as a critical step for the lithium battery industry to further reduce production energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and realize the zero carbonization of power batteries. The race towards sustainability in the automotive sector is undeniably gaining momentum, with an industry-wide commitment to a greener and more carbon-neutral future.
